How to Conduct a Factory Acceptance Test (FAT) for Your New Filling Line

Views: 5688 Author: Howie SUN Publish Time:
The same frame can carry gravity, volumetric or isobaric valves, which is why two machines that look alike can behave differently on the same product.
Key facts at a glance
What is includedFilling, capping and closing equipment
Filling principlesGravity, volumetric, isobaric, piston, load cell
Output range2,000-48,000 BPH by configuration
Accuracy basisVolume, weight or fill level
Wetted partsSUS 304 product contact, CIP-ready
Key controlFill accuracy, closure integrity, CIP time

What actually decides fill accuracy?

Four variables sit behind a fill number: the dosing principle, the product temperature, the bottle geometry, and the condition of the valve or piston seal. A machine that holds its tolerance on the factory test can drift in the plant when the product arrives warmer or the bottle wall gets thinner.

What should the acceptance test measure?

Rated output at the specified format, fill accuracy on a defined sample, closure torque or seal measurement, and a timed changeover with the buyer watching. Anything not measured before sign-off becomes a discussion after the final payment.

PrincipleDoses byFails when
GravityFill level in the bottleBottle geometry varies
VolumetricChamber volumeValve seal wears
IsobaricVolume under counter-pressurePressure or temperature drifts
PistonDisplacementProduct carries solids
Load cellNet weightProduct temperature moves

Site requirements, air and water consumption sit with the Gravity Filling Machine for Still Water.

How many valves does the line actually need?

Valve count follows the target BPH and the fill time per valve. Longer fill time, thicker product or a taller bottle all reduce the rate per valve, so the same BPH needs more valves. Buying valves for a water duty and running juice on them is a common and expensive mismatch.

A different bottle format means a different unit; see the Volumetric Filling Machine for Still Water.

What is the real changeover cost?

The parts cost is small; the time is not. A format change touches star wheels, guide rails, grippers, the cap chute and the recipe. On a line with two formats and two changes a day, the annual hours lost exceed the price of a second small machine in many plants.

The same question is worked through from another angle in Implementing MES on a Beverage Filling Line: Start Small.

Which documents belong in the handover pack?

Wiring and pneumatic diagrams, the spare parts list with lead times, the changeover checklist, the CIP recipe and the acceptance record. A line handed over without those five is a line that depends on the engineer who installed it.

How to read the numbers. Capacity figures come from the specification range, and the range is wide by design. A rated BPH is one format at steady state. Changeover, CIP and downstream stops sit outside it, so size on 0.65-0.85.

Frequently asked questions

How accurate is a filling machine?

It depends on the principle and the product. A volumetric or load cell filler holds a tighter band than gravity on a variable bottle. The tolerance belongs in the acceptance protocol, measured by weight on a defined sample.

Can one filler run different bottle sizes?

Yes, with change parts: star wheels, guide rails, grippers and a recipe. The parts are cheap compared with the changeover time, which is why most plants specify one dominant format.

How long does a CIP cycle take?

From tens of minutes to over an hour, set by the circuit volume and the soil. It is a fixed cost per production day and should be planned as downtime, not squeezed into the shift.

Why does the fill level vary between bottles?

Bottle capacity variation, product temperature, valve wear or foam. On glass, mould-to-mould capacity variation alone is enough to make level filling inconsistent, which is why glass lines often check-weigh.

What spare parts should be kept in stock?

Valve seals, piston seals, capping head inserts, guide rail blocks and one set of change parts for the second format. These are the items that stop a line for days when they fail.

Key takeaways
  1. The product picks the filling principle; the output only picks the size.
  2. Fill accuracy is a temperature and wear question as much as a machine question.
  3. Count CIP as lost production time, not as housekeeping.
  4. When the formats are far apart, two small fillers often beat one flexible one.
About the author
Written by the Sunswell engineering team - led by Howie SUN, Founder & CEO, with 14 years in filling and blow-moulding equipment R&D and turnkey project delivery across 71+ countries.
Last reviewed: 2026-08-28 . Reviewed by Sunswell engineering team
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