| Stages | Pre-treatment, RO, disinfection |
| Pre-treatment | Multi-media filter, carbon filter, softener |
| RO | Reverse osmosis with a storage and buffer tank |
| Disinfection | UV, ozone, or both |
| Key control | Raw water analysis, recovery rate, conductivity |
| Key decision | Which stages the raw water actually needs |
The raw water analysis decides it. Surface water usually needs multi-media filtration, carbon and RO; hard well water needs softening before the RO; low-hardness municipal water may only need carbon and disinfection. A package bought without an analysis is either oversized or short of a stage.
Reverse osmosis (RO) is a high-pressure process that removes dissolved solids, ions, and organic compounds from water, producing purified water for bottling.
UV leaves no residue and acts instantly, but it has no residual effect in the bottle. Ozone leaves a residual that protects the water in storage, and it needs a destruction step before filling. Many plants run both: ozone for storage, UV as a final barrier.
| Stage | Removes | Driven by |
|---|---|---|
| Multi-media filter | Suspended solids | Turbidity of raw water |
| Carbon filter | Chlorine and organics | Municipal dosing and taste |
| Softener | Hardness | Calcium and magnesium in the analysis |
| RO | Dissolved salts | Conductivity target of the product |
| UV or ozone | Micro-organisms | Storage time and final barrier |
Rated output, change parts and services are listed on the Water Treatment page.
Flow, temperature, concentration and time, all four together. A CIP that meets the temperature but not the flow does not clean the far end of the circuit, and the failure appears as a micro result weeks later. The station is sized on the largest circuit it serves.
Site requirements, air and power consumption sit with the Pre-treatment.
Meter the intake and the reject stream separately, then divide by production. The ratio between them is the number that moves when recovery improves. Most water-saving projects start with a leak survey and a reject re-use review, not with a new membrane.
The same question is worked through from another angle in Water Stewardship in Beverage Plants: Reducing Water Usage in.
On condition, not on a calendar. Track permeate conductivity, pressure drop and recovery; replacement follows a trend, and a sudden change usually means a pre-treatment failure rather than membrane age.
Pre-treatment removes suspended solids, chlorine and hardness that would foul or damage the membrane. RO removes dissolved salts. RO without correct pre-treatment fails early and expensively.
RO removes minerals as well as contaminants, and very low-mineral water tastes flat. Some plants blend or re-mineralise. The target is a specification set with the product, not the lowest possible conductivity.
It depends on the recovery rate set for the feed water. The reject stream is a design output and should be metered, because it is the number that moves when recovery is improved.
Country: Maldives
Product: PET Bottled Mineralized Water
Capacity: 24,000BPH (500ml); 2 Lines
Solution:Water Production Line
Country:Kazakhstan
Product: PET Bottled Sparkling Water, Canned Soft Drink, Canned Tea
Capacity: 25000CPH (250ml)
Solution:Three Lines,7000BPH(1.5L), 15000CPH(330ml),15000CPH(450ml)
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